Nginx健康检查、动态解析 health_check/php-fpm/fastcgi/upstream

目录展开

0.0.1 `health_check` ：健康状态检查

示例，匹配子串是否满足要求：

http {
    server {
    ...
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://backend;
            health_check match=welcome;
        }
    }

    match welcome {
        status 200;
        header Content-Type = text/html;
        body ~ "Welcome to nginx!";
    }
}

文档链接： http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_hc_module.html

0.0.2. `nginx_http_headers`模块：

add_header用来返回指定内嵌变量，自定义响应头部

比如：

add_header X-Via $server_addr        ##返回nginx代理IP
add_header X_Cache $upstream_cache_status   ##返回缓存状态

upstream内嵌变量： http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html#variables

示例一，返回nginx代理服务器(node1)内网IP

node1节点的default.conf如下配置：

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    add_header X-Via $server_addr;    ##X-Via为自定义的名字，可以随便取

...
}

重启Nginx，客户端执行请求：

[root@server ~]# curl -I node1.shellscript.cn
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.16.0
Date: Sun, 16 Jun 2019 02:46:09 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 23 Apr 2019 14:36:12 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5cbf22dc-264"
X-Via: 172.30.0.12
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@server ~]#

示例二，返回upstream缓存状态

编辑default.conf:

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    add_header X-Via $server_addr;
    add_header X-chache $upstream_cache_status;
    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    #proxy_pass https://www.osjapan.net/;
    }
    location /forum/ {
    proxy_cache mycache;
    proxy_cache_valid  200  1d;
    proxy_cache_valid  301 302 10m;
    proxy_cache_valid  any 1m;
    proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
    proxy_pass http://upservers/;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
    location ~* \.(jpg|png|gif)$ {
    proxy_cache mycache;
    proxy_pass http://upservers;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}

可见在/forum路径下设置了缓存
注意：没有设置缓存功能的路径不会返回缓存状态$upstream_cache_status

重启nginx，客户端请求：

[root@server ~]# curl -I http://node1.shellscript.cn/forum/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.16.0
Date: Sun, 16 Jun 2019 03:05:33 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 14
Connection: keep-alive
Last-Modified: Fri, 14 Jun 2019 09:23:28 GMT
ETag: "e-58b45330b86e8"
X-Via: 172.30.0.12
X-chache: MISS
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@server ~]# curl -I http://node1.shellscript.cn/forum/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.16.0
Date: Sun, 16 Jun 2019 03:05:37 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 14
Connection: keep-alive
Last-Modified: Fri, 14 Jun 2019 09:23:28 GMT
ETag: "e-58b45330b86e8"
X-Via: 172.30.0.12
X-chache: HIT
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@server ~]#

第一次请求没有缓存，所以状态为MISS，第二次请求则使用缓存，状态为HIT

0.0.3. `fastcgi`模块

让nginx支持动态文件解析

在node1节点上，安装php-fpm:

[root@server ~]# yum install php-fpm -y
[root@server ~]# rpm -ql php-fpm
/etc/logrotate.d/php-fpm
/etc/php-fpm.conf    ##主配置文件
/etc/php-fpm.d       
/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf   ##注意里面的user/group指定是否和nginx.conf一致
/etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
/etc/sysconfig/php-fpm
/usr/sbin/php-fpm
/usr/share/doc/php-fpm-5.3.3
/usr/share/doc/php-fpm-5.3.3/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/php-fpm-5.3.3/php-fpm.conf.default
/usr/share/fpm/status.html
/usr/share/man/man8/php-fpm.8.gz
/var/log/php-fpm
/var/run/php-fpm
[root@server ~]#

启动php-fpm:

[root@server ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm:                                          [  OK  ]
[root@server ~]# ss -tnl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                  Local Address:Port                    Peer Address:Port
LISTEN     0      128                                :::10050                             :::*     
LISTEN     0      128                                 *:10050                              *:*     
LISTEN     0      128                         127.0.0.1:9000                               *:*     
LISTEN     0      50                                  *:3306                               *:*     
LISTEN     0      7                                   *:3690                               *:*     
LISTEN     0      128                                 *:80                                 *:*     
LISTEN     0      32                                  *:21                                 *:*     
LISTEN     0      128                                 *:22                                 *:*  
[root@server ~]#

编辑nginx的default.conf：

location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;   ##加上index.php
    }

####把下面的locatio注释去掉,让nginx支持php-fpm(匹配以php结尾的请求，发送给后端的fastcgi服务器)
location ~ \.php$ {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;        #把这里改成web根路径
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;    
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

写一个php版本检测的文件：

[root@server nginx]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@server html]# mv index.html nginx.html
[root@server html]# vim index.php
<?php>
    phpinfo();
?>
[root@server html]#

重启nginx:

service nginx reload

客户端请求：

这个原因主要是由于安装php-fpm生成的/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params默认文件内容不适应当前环境导致的

修改为如下内容：

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE   CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE     nginx;
fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING        $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD      $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE        $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH      $content_length;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME     $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME         $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI         $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI        $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT       $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL     $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR         $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT         $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR         $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT         $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME         $server_name;
（上述配置其实是把请求的变量原封不动的传递给nginx）

重启nginx，客户端请求正常：

到此php-fpm已经可以和nginx结合工作

现在我们需要让它可以结合mysql工作：

安装php-mysql:

[root@server nginx]# yum install php-mysql -y
[root@server nginx]# rpm -ql php-mysql
/etc/php.d/mysql.ini
/etc/php.d/mysqli.ini
/etc/php.d/pdo_mysql.ini
/usr/lib64/php/modules/mysql.so
/usr/lib64/php/modules/mysqli.so
/usr/lib64/php/modules/pdo_mysql.so
[root@server nginx]#

刷新页面，可以看到php-fpm会默认加载php-mysql配置文件（因为它会扫描/etc/php.d目录下的文件）：

此时安装mysql-server:

yum install mysql-server -y

启动mysql服务后，测试php是否可以连接mysql

编辑/usr/share/nginx/html，内容如下:

[root@server html]# cat index.php
<?php
    $conn = mysql_connect('127.0.0.1','root','');
    if ($conn)
        echo succ;
    else
        echo fail;
    mysql_close();
?>
[root@server html]#

客户端执行请求：

[root@server html]# curl http://node1.shellscript.cn
succ
[root@server html]#

连接正常,此时LNMP运行正常

所以，所谓的动静分离其实把不同的请求分发到不同的服务器或服务器组(upstream servers)，可定义多个upstream servers

0.0.4. `fastcgi`缓存：

同样，需要在nginx.conf的http模块上下文中定义fastcgi_cache_path，然后在default.conf的localtion中使用fastcgi_cache调用

参考：
http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html#fastcgi_cache_path
http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html#fastcgi_cache

示例：
在node1节点上的nginx.conf的http上下文定义：

fastcgi_cache_path /cache/fastcgi/ levels=1:1 keys_zone=fcgicache:10m inractive=3m max_size=1g;

创建缓存目录并授权：

[root@server nginx]# mkdir /cache/fastcgi
[root@server nginx]# chown nginx.nginx /cache/fastcgi/
[root@server nginx]#

编辑conf.d/default.conf：

location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_cache fcgicache;        #调用刚刚定义的缓存
        fastcgi_cache_valid 200 10m;    ##下面这三项指定状态码缓存时间，不指明则不会缓存到
        fastcgi_cache_valid 302 3m;
        fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;

        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

在/usr/share/nginx/html下写一个phpinfo的test.php，客户端执行请求：

[root@server nginx]# curl -I http://node1.shellscript.cn/test.php
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.16.0
Date: Tue, 18 Jun 2019 11:09:20 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.3
X-Via: 172.30.0.12
X-cache: MISS

[root@server nginx]# curl -I http://node1.shellscript.cn/test.php
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.16.0
Date: Tue, 18 Jun 2019 11:09:21 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.3
X-Via: 172.30.0.12
X-cache: HIT

[root@server nginx]#

可以看到，第二次请求X-cache参数值是HIT，则说明缓存成功

Nginx健康检查、动态解析- health_check/php-fpm/fastcgi/upstream

0.0.1 `health_check` ：健康状态检查

0.0.2. `nginx_http_headers`模块：

0.0.3. `fastcgi`模块

0.0.4. `fastcgi`缓存：

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0.0.1 health_check ：健康状态检查

0.0.2. nginx_http_headers模块：

0.0.3. fastcgi模块

0.0.4. fastcgi缓存：

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相关推荐

Tags

月光RSS

归档

0.0.1 `health_check` ：健康状态检查

0.0.2. `nginx_http_headers`模块：

0.0.3. `fastcgi`模块

0.0.4. `fastcgi`缓存：